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Warp
Speed! - Tweaking Windows For Better
Performance |
<>Speeding
Up System Performance
Useful for most of us running an Intel-based system: the
Intel Application Accelerator, free from
support.intel.com/support/chipsets/iaa/. The site
info promises faster boot-up times, quicker game and
graphic performance, and more. Known compatibility
problems and issues are also covered on this page.
Power = performance; make sure your BIOS settings for
power conservation are disabled. Portable users, when
you run your PC from the wall outlet, disable the power
conservation feature as well.
To optimize Windows, make sure your cache is enabled.
The specific names of the BIOS entries vary depending on
the manufacturer, but will generally be something like
"Enable Internal Cache," "Disable/Enable L1 Cache," or
"Enable CPU Cache."
You can reduce your CD's cache size for quicker Windows
response. Windows sets aside a maximum of 1.238
megabytes of memory for the CD cache. You can reduce
that to .214 MB. To do that, right-click My Computer on
the Windows desktop. Then, click Properties and the
Performance tab. Click the File System button. Select
the CD-ROM tab. To reduce the CD cache, move the slider
toward Small. The cache reserves 150 kilobytes (or .150
MB) of memory for read-ahead. This function allows the
CD drive to guess what you'll need next and put it in
memory. If it guesses correctly, the process is sped up.
If it's wrong, no harm is done, other than the fact that
a bit of memory was tied up needlessly. You can also
turn read-ahead off. To do that, return to the CD-ROM
tab. Click the down arrow next to "Optimize access
pattern for." Choose "No read-ahead." That will free up
all but 64 KB of the cache. What good will all this do?
If you have plenty of memory, you probably won't see a
noticeable increase in your computer's speed. But if
not, the change may be significant. The change should
slow down access to data on your CDs. Now, if you rarely
use the CD drive, none of this will matter, though you
could always change the CD cache setting when you need
to use a CD.
XP has a built-in advertising system that throws an
endless supply of pop-up messages at its users, from
Passport promos to warnings that scold you about your
hard disk space. TweakUI for XP is the solution for this
problem. Just go through the Taskbar option and uncheck
"Enable Balloon Tips." Click OK and you're free!
Another XP quirk is its incessant warnings of low hard
drive space. You could ignore them (not the best
solution), get a new hard drive, or simply run the Free
Up Space on My Hard Disk task that pops up when you
choose the Control Panel's Performance and Maintenance
category. You can also call up My Computer from the
Start menu, right-click on your hard drive, and choose
Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button, and Windows
calculates how much garbage it can delete.

There's a known problem with XP's Disk Cleanup that can
cause it to hang during its operation, specifically
while it is compressing old files. You can fix this by
editing the Registry (back it up first!). Here's how.
First, click Start, Run, and type REGEDIT in the box.
Click OK. Expand the following Registry key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \
CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ VolumeCaches. Under
VolumeCaches is an entry titled Compress Old Files.
Click it once to highlight, then click the Del button.
Close the Registry editor. Disk Cleanup should no longer
hang. This may not work because of temp files. You can
handle this by going through Start, Run, and entering
%temp% and clicking OK. The Temp folder will open. In
the Edit menu, click Select All. Press the Del key and
click Yes to confirm the deletions. That will send
everything to the Recycle Bin. Next, click Start,
Control Panel. Double-click "Internet Options." On the
General tab, click Delete Files. Select "Delete all
offline content." Click OK. This could take a while. Do
you need to compress the files? That depends on the size
of your hard drive. If you have plenty of disk space,
don't bother. Disk Cleanup gets rid of temporary files,
old applications you no longer use and Internet cache
files. It asks before any of these are deleted.
Sick of XP and want to restore 9x or ME? Read this
article first: "Manually Remove WinXP and Restore Win9x
or WinME,"
support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;314052.
<>Enhancing Your Memory
If you run a Windows 98/ME PC with limited memory (less
than 64MB), you can tweak your system to improve
performance. First, launch the Windows Systems
Properties applet. (There are three ways to launch:
either by using the Windows key+Pause Break combination,
by right-clicking My Computer and selecting Properties,
or by going through Control Panel's System Properties.)
On the Performance tab window, select File System. Under
"Typical role of this computer:" change it to "Network
server." Doing this will improve memory performance and
give you a small performance boost. This works with Win
98/ME and Win 95B, but not earlier versions of Win 95.
DMA stands for "Direct Memory Access" and sometimes
called "bus mastering." It allows the computer, under
certain conditions, to bypass the CPU and directly
access the system memory. You can tweak your DMA
settings to significantly speed up the performance of
all your drives: hard, floppy, and CD. Find them by
right-clicking My Computer and clicking on Properties.
Go into Device Manager, click on Disk Drives, then on
your hard drive(s)--- you may see a nonspecific name
such as "Generic IDE Disk Type 01"--- then on
Properties, and then click on the Settings Tab. See if
the DMA box is checked. Now do the same thing for your
CD-ROM drive. Chances are good (or excellent, on older
systems) that at least one drive doesn't have the DMA
selection checked. Why not? Well, choosing the slower,
more conservative non-DMA setting sometimes avoids
compatibility issues, and oftentimes vendors would
rather play it safe and not use the DMA settings. Well,
then, why not just check the DMA boxes and get back to
work? It isn't that simple; there are times that you
don't want to enable the DMA facility. The yes/no,
why/why not nature of DMA settings are exemplified by
Microsoft's rather schizophrenic take on the whole
thing: when you check the DMA box, you get a grim
warning box that reads, "Changing this setting may have
undesirable effects on your hardware..." Whoa, Bessie.
Who wants to trash their hardware? But then you scope
out the Knowledge Base article on the Microsoft site,
and you see the writer extolling the benefits of
enabling DMA on a Windows system. Worse, Microsoft
claims that Win 98/ME machines are customarily set with
DMA enabled, yet this is rarely the case, even though
Win 98/ME is optimized for DMA usage. Win 95 users, the
question of whether or not to enable your DMA is best
settled by a visit to your hard drive maker's site. As
for CD drives, most all CD and DVD drives do well with
DMA enabled, but again you'll often find your DMA
settings not checked. If you have a CD-RW drive, you'll
want to scope the site at www.fadden.com/cdrfaq
Want to check those DMA boxes? Start by reading up on
DMA usage at
content.techweb.com/winmag/columns/explorer/2001/02.htm
; the article contains lots of links to more in-depth
information that you may want to consider before
checking those boxes. In general, you're fairly safe in
giving it a shot; if your system chokes on DMA, it
should revert to non-DMA status with no ill effects.
However, "should" doesn't mean "will;" if you're going
to give it a try, particularly on a Windows 95 system,
back up your data first in case your system locks. Good
luck.
Follow-up on the DMA info: users of Win 95 SR2 and
non-SE versions of Win 98 should check out
www.microsoft.com/hwdev/devdes/idedma.htm for vital
information. Seems the Microsoft boys forgot to add a
line of code that would allow DMA to be enabled at all.
If you're one of the (un)lucky ones affected, you must
go manually into the file MSHDC.inf and under the
section "ESDI_AddReg" add the line
HKR,,IDEDMADrive0,3,01 and immediately below this one,
HKR,,IDEDMADrive1,3,01 below it in order to enable the
driver. Win 98 users may also have some trouble getting
Windows to enable DMA for their CD drives; they should
scope out the article at
support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q235/8/59.ASP.
Slave drives on ATAPI channels are often set to PIO mode
by default, even if they can run UltraATA or DMA, which
allow for more efficient data transfers. They should be
reset. In 9x/ME, go to Device Manager, then "Disk
Drive/Hard disk properties," click the Settings tab, and
click the DMA box. In XP/2K, go through Control Panel's
System applet, select Device Manager in the Hardware
tab, choose Advanced Settings, and change the transfer
mode for each hard drive to "DMA if possible." If your
particular drive won't handle DMA, there's no harm done.
<>Hidden Windows Goodies and Useful
Utilities
The poor sods who have Win 95 on floppy disk are lacking
several goodies that came on the Win 95 CD-ROM.
Fortunately, these are available from Microsoft at
www.microsoft.com/windows95/info/cdextras.htm. These
include a good number of free utilities and toys. Other
(more modern) Windows users, you'd do well to check your
CDs out as well.
We mention TweakUI time and again in these pages,
and as time goes on, it becomes more and more obvious
that this utility is not a luxury, but a necessity for
anyone who aspires to the title of "power user." Version
1.33, also known as TweakUI 2000, is the latest
non-XP version, and is compatible with all versions of
Windows, both the 9x and NT/2000 family (except, of
course, 3.x). This version is available for download
from the TweakUI home page at
www.microsoft.com/ntworkstation/downloads/
PowerToys/Networking/NTTweakUI.asp , and an
excellent article on installing TweakUI is at
content.techweb.com/winmag/help/
sbs/2000/tweakui/default.htm (another source
admonishes you to download it to a "short-name,"
DOS-compatible folder; C:\TWEAKUI is a perfectly
reasonable choice for its new home. You will, of course,
have to create the folder). An XP version is available
from
www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/downloads/powertoys.asp.
You should be aware that although Microsoft created and
posted the utility, it refuses to support it. (Why? You
got me.) There are a few minor glitches in the
installation process, but the article cited above will
walk you through without a problem. The utility
self-configures itself depending on what version of
Windows is being used. Win 95 and 98 users should know
that if they change the settings on the "My Computer"
tab (i.e. remove any checks from the boxes) that they
will lose the Open and Explore items from the
right-click menu on the Start button. The fix is
documented at content.techweb.com/winmag/columns/
insider/1999/081899.htm , but the easiest way to
deal with it is to make sure every drive letter from A:\
to Z:\ is checked. If you have to implement this fix,
you'll need to reboot for it to take effect. Win ME
users can sneer; they won't encounter this problem. What
they will encounter is a separate glitch under the "IE"
tab. The setting, called "Show Control Panel on Start
Menu Settings," must be checked or you won't be able to
access Control Panel. This is a serious glitch and ought
to be fixed, but until Microsoft repairs it in a future
release, Millennium users ought to make damn sure that
the box remains checked. Win 98 users also need to avoid
the version on their system CD; Microsoft fouled up the
installation of the program, and the CD version is
bug-ridden (which probably explains why it's missing
entirely from the 98 SE version). Use the downloadable
version instead. As far as actually using the thing,
there's a surprising dearth of information out there on
the 1.33 version, but one good site to check is
www.pcforrest.freeserve.co.uk/tweakui.htm .
Literally, TweakUI lets you "tweak" the Windows user
interface from its location within Control Panel.
Depending on your OS, you will have up to 13 tabs on
your TweakUI applet: Mouse, General, [Windows] Explorer,
IE, Desktop, My Computer, Control Panel, Network, New,
Add/Remove, Boot, Repair, and Paranoia. The usual Help
features and Tool Tips are available to help you figure
out what options performs what functions. Without going
into serious details, TweakUI lets you customize how
these various features of Windows appear, perform, and
are configured. I'll leave the exploration of the
various functions of TweakUI to you; you'll soon
discover which ones are useful and which ones are best
ignored. Don't like TweakUI, or loathe using any
Microsoft products that aren't absolutely necessary?
Then try XSetup 5.7 from www.xteq.com/ , a
free utility that is similar to, and considered by many
superior to, TweakUI. Installing TweakUI isn't
completely intuitive, either. "TWEAKUI.EXE" is a
self-extracting file that creates four individual files:
TWEAKUI.INF, TWEAKUI.CPL, TWEAKUI.CNT and TWEAKUI.HLP.
Once you've extracted the files, the first "trick" is
that the install file is named TWEAKUI.INF, which you
have to right-click to open the dialog box. The
installation process is automatic and straightforward,
and no reboot is necessary. The .CPL file - a Control
Panel Applet - is the actual program, and the last two
are help files. Once installed, launch Start, Settings,
Control Panel and you're ready to take a look at what
TweakUI has to offer. A quick count reveals thirteen
tabs, each of which offers a load of choices. There is a
help file - and it's even sprinkled with a bit of humor
- but, unfortunately, some of the explanations confuse
as much as they clarify.
Install Microsoft's Send To Extensions Power Toy to give
yourself a whole new set of right-click options in
Explorer. You can download Power Toys from Microsoft's
Web site at
www.microsoft.com/windows95/info/powertoys.htm.
Remember, the Power Toys do NOT work with any versions
besides Win 95.
Some folks like System Agent, a utility that comes with
the Win 95 Plus pack. System Agent allows you to run
Scandisk and Defrag on a preset schedule without your
intervention. Unfortunately, sometimes System Agent gets
scrambled and ignores your chosen options, which means
that the selected app waits for you to input your
choices...and waits, and waits, because you scheduled
Scandisk to run while you were in that sales meeting
that ran over into dinner, and Larry insisted that you
go to that strip club for a burger, and you met Lulu, a
stripper with the most amazing...anyway, it's still
sitting there, hung, while you're elsewhere. Chances are
that System Agent's Registry entries are corrupt.
There's two fixes: an easy one (reinstall System Agent
and re-enter all of your scheduled tasks and program
selections) and the hard fix, described here. First,
turn off System Agent by going through Start, Programs,
Accessories, System Tools, System Agent, select
Advanced, "Stop Using System Agent," and click Yes. Now
go through Windows Explorer to find SAGE.DAT (the file
containing all of your choices) and rename it SAGE.BAK.
(Find it using Start, Find if necessary.) Reinstall
System Agent from the Plus CD-ROM, and once again turn
it off as above. Delete the new SAGE.DAT file created by
your reinstallation of System Agent and rechange the
name of SAGE.BAK to SAGE.DAT. Restart System Agent.
Double-check your tweak by choosing a task, selecting
Program, Properties, and verifying that the settings are
what you want. Win 98/ME has a similar tool called
Scheduled Tasks that as yet has not exhibited the same
capacity for meltdown as System Agent. Yet.
Windows 9x users have the option of using WinAlign, a
program that optimizes program performance by "aligning"
the programs to run more efficiently. Since Microsoft
has been after vendors to release "aligned" versions of
their programs, many newer applications are already
optimized to run this way under Windows (as are all
recent Microsoft releases), but the majority of the
programs on the market are "unaligned" and thus ripe for
improvement. WinAlign actually modifies a program's code
to run under WinAlign's optimization protocols. Win
98/ME users, you have the basic WALIGN.EXE program
already installed (it's in the \WINDOWS\SYSTEM\
directory), (Win 95 users, you're out of luck), but
users should have relatively few of their programs
affected, since most of them have already been modified.
Older programs, of course, haven't been altered. The
downside is that programs altered by WinAlign can't be
further modified or patched, and a few programs take
poorly to WinAlign's modifications. Find out more at
content.techweb.com/winmag/windows/win98/winalign.htm
and
support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/q191/6/55.asp.
In fact, if you think this sounds like a useful utility,
you'd better do some serious reading up on its use and
potential for destruction before cranking it up on your
system. Winmag.com has released a similar
utility, WMAlign, that they claim is much simpler and
less prone to lay waste to your system. While Winmag is
gone, the utility should be available on the Net
somewhere.
XP users have several goodies hidden in their system.
All can be launched through Start, Run and typing its
executable name (listed below in parentheses).
- Private Character
Editor (EUDCEDIT): Using this one, you can create
and use your own special characters -- make a
character for your name a la Prince, or make a
company logo, or whatever strikes your fancy. It's
not too intuitive to use, but note these hints. When
you open the Editor, it asks you to assign your
character to a spot on the grid. Just accept the
default and begin editing on the 50-pixel workspace.
Find and use the character through Character Map
(Charmap in the Run dialog box). For Font, select
the top choice, All Fonts (Private Characters), then
select, copy, and paste your creation into a
document.
- IExpress 2.0
(IEXPRESS): Used in creating simple installations,
this lets you create a Self Extraction Directive
(SED) file that can include compressed files which
uncompress with a double click. Add a licensing
agreement if you want, and even specify a program or
.INF file to run.
- Windows Media
Player 6.4 (MPLAYER2): The XP version of WMP is
quite overwhelming for some; you can revert to the
earlier, simpler program by going through this.
- NetMeeting
(CONF): If you prefer the older NetMeeting to the
newer Windows Messenger or other chat clients, fire
it up here.
Another tweak for XP users: it seems that Microsoft has
removed filters from the search tool, except for a
select few, mostly Microsoft office file extensions. If
you go to Windows Update and download the Windows XP
Application Compatibility Update, October 25, 2001, it
will add filters to a number of frequently used file
extensions. If you need further info or a .BAT script to
handle all extensions, go here:
www.jsifaq.com/SUBJ/tip4600/rh4627.htm.
Tweaks to Speed Performance
You can squeeze some more speed out of Windows by
turning off the usual Windows animation. By doing this,
your windows will not shrink and grow when minimized or
maximized, they'll just pop into size. Here's how to do
it.
Win 95 users, your process is rather complex and
requires a Registry tweak. Back up the Registry before
doing anything else! Now, go into RegEdit (see earlier
tips for getting into the Registry Editor) and navigate
to the following: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Default \ Control
Panel \ Desktop \WindowsMetrics. Right-click on
"WindowsMetrics" in the left pane, select "New" and
slide your mouse over to "String Value." Type
"MinAnimate" (without the quotes) to name a new string
value. Hit enter on your keyboard. In the right pane,
right click "MinAnimate" and select "Modify." In the
edit string dialog box that is now created, type "0"
(without the quotes). Click "OK." Close out of the
registry editor and reboot. If you want to get Windows
Animation back, navigate back to "MinAnimate," right
click on "MinAnimate" and choose "Delete." Close out of
the registry editor and reboot.
Win 98/ME/2K users,
your process is much, much easier. Right-click an empty
place on your desktop, choose "Properties," click on the
"Effects" tab, uncheck the box that says, "Animate
Windows, menus and lists," or "Use transition effects
for menus and tooltips" (Win ME/2K). Win XP users don't
break a sweat either; they just right-click the desktop,
choose Properties, Appearance, and Effects, and uncheck
"Use the following transition effects for menus and
tooltips." Click on "Apply," click on "OK."
ISDN users who want to break the speed barrier, go to
Microsoft's Web site and download the Microsoft ISDN
Accelerator Pack. Vrooom. But, not only ISDN users, but
anyone with a dial-up modem, can profit from downloading
this little goodie. Go to
www.microsoft.com/windows/windows95/info/isdn4w95.htm,
find MSISDN11.EXE, download, and install it according to
the directions on the Web page. It provides several nice
upgrades to your Dial-Up Networking utility, including
an enhanced "connected" icon that replaces the little
black box with the blinking red and green lights;
double-clicking on this icon after connecting to your
Internet provider gives you detailed information on your
connection. If you're constantly asked by Windows for
your username and password every time you log on, and
you don't like it, you can install this upgrade and then
force Windows to log you on without all the hassle. Go
to Start, Programs, Accessories, and open the Dial-Up
Networking folder. Choose Connections, Settings. Clear
the box marked "Prompt for Information Before Dialing."
(Whether this works or not depends on whether or not
your Internet connection goes through DUN.) Another
little freeware goodie for your DUN connection is
FreeDUN, from PCWorld Magazine (www.pcworld.com).
This one is particularly useful for users who connect to
multiple systems (i.e. you have two different Internet
accounts). According to the makers, FreeDun dials into
different accounts, launches the programs you want, and
shuts down automatically when you exit a specified
application.
Make Dial-Up Networking redial after that busy signal
denies you access to your ISP: go to My Computer/Dial-Up
Networking and select Settings from the Connections
menu. Check the Redial box and set how many times you
want the computer to try redialing before giving up.
Warning: some ISPs such as America Online don't go
through DUN.
DUN users, speed up dialing into your ISP by going into
Dial-Up Networking, right-click the connectoid for your
ISP, and choose Properties. Choose Server Type, then
Advanced Options. Uncheck "Log on to network." Under
"Allowed Network Protocols," uncheck NetBEUI and IPX/SPX
Compatible. (Leave the network protocols as they are for
remote-access connections.)
Microsoft decided to abandon its own NetBEUI networking
protocol beginning with Windows XP. Scot Finnie has
recommended that people switch to IPX/SPX with NetBIOS,
a protocol that Microsoft includes in every version of
Windows since Windows 95. Finnie prefers NetBEUI, as it
does a better job of helping various Windows versions
inter-network, especially on simpler peer networks. Now
that Microsoft's decided at the last minute to include
NetBEUI on the Windows XP CD, you can install it like
this (instructions courtesy of Scot Finnie).
- The files
necessary for installing the NetBEUI protocol on
Windows XP are NETNBF.INF and NBF.SYS. To install
them, follow these steps:
- 1. Insert your
Windows XP CD into the CD drive and use My Computer
to browse the CD to the Valueadd \ MSFT \ Net \
NetBEUI folder. Copy NBF.SYS to your Windows \
System32 \ Drivers folder. Copy NETNBF.INF to your
Windows \ Inf folder (which is hidden).
- NOTE: To make a
hidden folder viewable, click Start, Run, then type
Explorer and press Enter. Then click Tools , Folder
Options, View tab. Then under Advanced Settings,
click "Show hidden files and folders" under the
"Hidden files and folders" folder.
- 2. Click Start,
Control Panel, then double-click Network
Connections. Right-click the adapter you want to add
NetBEUI to and click Properties.
- 3. On the General
tab, click Install. Next click Protocol, Add.
- 4. Click to
select the NetBEUI Protocol from the list and then
click OK.
- 5. Restart your
computer if you receive a prompt to complete the
installation.
- For more
information, see this Microsoft KnowledgeBase
Article Q301041: How to Install NetBEUI on Windows
XP:
support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;301041.
XP/2K users can crank up their search capabilities by
indexing their files through Indexing Service. You can
then search for text in files, file properties, and
other useful goodies. (If you don't search your drive
very often, you should disable the Indexing Service,
because it sucks up hard drive space you don't need
taken by this feature.) Go through Start, Search, select
"Change Preferences," and look for the "With Indexing
Service" option. (If it's called "With," it's turned
off; "Without Indexing Service" indicates it's turned
on.) Choose the option you prefer and choose Yes. And it
does sound backwards. Whaddya want, it's Microsoft!
A quick way to disable your screen saver (while you're
defragging, or downloading, or whatever) is to click on
Start and leave the Start menu up. While the menu is up,
the screen saver won't launch.
If you have 12mb or more of RAM, you can speed up your
CD-ROM drive by telling Windows that it's got more
gumption than it really has. Right-click My Computer,
select Properties, click the Performance tab, the File
System button, and then the CD-ROM tab. Move the
Supplemental Cache Size sliding bar all the way to the
right (towards Large) and select "Quad-speed or higher"
from the "Optimize access pattern for" drop-down menu,
regardless of your CD's actual speed. You have increased
the size of the cache Windows sets aside for your CD, so
it will run faster.
Add a shortcut to Control Panel to your Start Menu by
right-clicking the Start button, choosing Explore,
right-clicking on an empty area in the right-hand pane
and choosing New/Folder, and typing this exactly:
CONTROLPANEL.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Now click
Finish and your access to Control Panel just got a bit
easier.
You can also access Control Panel faster by creating a
shortcut to it on your Start Menu this way: In My
Computer or Windows Explorer, create a new folder in the
C:WINDOWS\START MENU directory, and name it "Control
Panel Apps." Open Control Panel and drag one of the
icons to the new folder. Windows will tell you that you
cannot move or copy this item, and ask if you want to
create a shortcut instead. Click Yes. Repeat this
process for each icon that you want "shortcutted." On
your Start menu, Control Panel Apps should appear there,
with a submenu of shortcuts to each app that you chose.
Make a shortcut to Device Manager while you're
streamlining. In Explorer, select C:/Windows/Start Menu.
Select New, Shortcut from the File menu, and in the
field labeled Command Line, type the following:
C:\WINDOWS\CONTROL.EXE SYSDM.CPL,,1
Then click Next, type
Device Manager for the name of the shortcut, and press
Finish. Your Start Menu will now have a direct shortcut
to Device Manager. (For users with keyboards with the
Windows key, press that key along with the Pause/Break
key to access Device Manager. You lucky folks don't need
this shortcut.)
While we're playing with the Start menu, you can change
the items you've placed in it by right-clicking on the
Start button and choosing Explore from the menu that
appears. A double-pane Explorer window appears, letting
you surf through the directory tree on the left and open
the contents of the folder you choose in the right. To
produce the same effect for a folder, you can either
right-click on the folder and choose Explore, or hold
down Shift and double-click the folder icon.
It is way, way too easy to mistakenly move files around
in Explorer. Use the Edit menu's Undo function to remedy
a mistaken move.
Speed up your modem's dialing by going into the Modem
applet in Control Panel, selecting your modem and
clicking on Properties. Open the Connection tab and
click on Advanced. Enter S11=50 in the Extra Settings
field. The number specifies in milliseconds the time for
each tone and the delay between tones. The lower the
number, the shorter the tone will last before the next
one comes along.
Quickly access your System Properties panel by holding
the Alt key and double-clicking My Computer.
A taskbar oddity: You might notice that with more than
four or five files open, the little gray buttons get
reduced in size to tiny, useless things, with additional
buttons scrolling off the screen entirely. And an
undocumented glitch in Win 9x sometimes disallows
multiple taskbar rows, even though you've configured
your display for them. There is a solution. First,
increase your screen resolution to the highest that you
can work with: a recent PC with a decent 15-inch or
larger monitor should be able to handle 1024 x 768
without a problem. 19-inch displays should be able to
handle 1152 x 864 or even 1280 x 1024. Go through
Control Panel/Display/Settings to reset your display.
Next, increase the height of the Taskbar so that it can
show more buttons. Do this by edging your mouse arrow to
the upper edge of the Taskbar; when you see the
two-headed arrow, click-and-drag the Taskbar's border up
to add more rows. 1024 x 768 displays should be able to
deal nicely with two rows, while higher displays should
be able to deal with 3 or even 4 rows. But then there's
the glitch...this may not work. Win 98/ME users can
configure their Quick Launch bar to get around this, but
the poor peons plugging away with Win 95 can't do that.
Use "Send To:" to quickly copy files to floppy disk.
Right-click the file, select Send To from the menu, and
choose "3-1/2 Floppy (A)." You can add any program,
folder, printer, or drive to your Send To menu by adding
shortcuts to the C:\WINDOWS\SEND TO folder. Do this by
opening Explorer, opening the Windows\Send To folder,
selecting File, New, Shortcut, clicking Browse to locate
the executable file that runs the program you're adding,
typing the name of the new shortcut in the appropriate
dialog box, and clicking Finish. Windows will add this
entry to the Send To menu. One particularly neat trick
is to add your printer to the Send To list; this way you
can print documents without going through the
sometimes-unnecessary step of opening them. Just open
C:\WINDOWS\SENDTO and create a shortcut there for your
printer. Next time you access the Send To menu, your
printer will be there. (XP users, the whereabouts of the
current SendTo folder depends on which user logged in to
the machine. To make the SendTo folder visible, double
left-click My Computer, and double left-click the hard
drive which contains Windows (usually the C drive). A
new Explorer Window will open. Click Tools, Folder
Options, View. Under the heading "Hidden files and
folders," check the "Show hidden files and folders" box.
Click OK; this will bring you back to the Windows
Explorer view of your C drive. Now, navigate to
Documents and Settings, Current User, SendTo. Drag an
application shortcut into the Send To folder. Initiate a
dialogue menu from the desktop to produce your new Send
To shortcut.
You can also add the Desktop to your Send To menu by
placing shortcuts to the Windows\Desktop folder inside
the Windows\SendTo folder. An easy way to do this is to
open the Windows folder, right-click and drag the
Desktop folder directly over the SendTo folder, release
the mouse button, and select Create Shortcut(s) Here.
You may also want to rename the new desktop shortcut now
inside the SendTo folder. From now on, moving an item to
the desktop can be done by simply right-clicking any
file, folder, or shortcut, selecting Send To, and in the
resulting list, selecting Desktop.
Copy programs to multiple floppy disks without using a
file splitter program: In Windows Explorer, on the left
side of the window, select the folder you want to copy.
From the Edit menu click Select All. From the same Edit
menu click Copy. On the left side of the window, scroll
up until you see the A: drive icon. Make sure you have
the first floppy disk inserted, then click the A: drive.
Now go under Edit and click Paste. The file will begin
copying to the floppy, and Windows will prompt you to
insert the subsequent disks. You can use the Copy
command to copy the file back onto another machine
without having to use a file splitter.
As you install and uninstall programs, .DLL files will
sprout like kudzu in your hard drive, particularly in
your WINDOWS\SYSTEM folder. You can right-click on any
.DLL file in Explorer and use QuickView to get the scoop
on it, oftentimes enough to determine whether or not you
need to keep the file or trash it (check the Import
Table category). Also, there are numerous commercial,
shareware and freeware programs out there that find
unused .DLL files for you. Remember, when in doubt,
leave the file where it is. (Win ME users don't have
QuickView, nor will the earlier versions work with
Millennium. A good alternative is OnTrack's
PowerDeskPro, a $20 goodie from www.ontrack.com/.
If you're sure you won't use disk compression, save the
hard drive space by deleting DRVSPACE.BIN. If you find
DBLSPACE.BIN, delete it, too. If you have compressed
files (not zipped files ending in .ZIP), do not delete
DriveSpace! These files can be found in your
\WINDOWS\COMMAND folder.
If you have 24mb or more of RAM, you can optimize your
file system by going through Control
Panel/System/Properties, tabbing into File System, and
setting Read Ahead to maximum.
Are you sure you're running a purely 32-bit system?
Right-click My Computer, select Properties, and click on
Performance. You'll see a listing of all the major
subsystems of your computer. Ideally, they should all
show as 32-bit (or Not Installed). Look for the phrase
"Your System Is Configured for Optimal Performance." If
you see any 16-bit drivers, or the phrase "Some Drives
Are Using MS-DOS Compatibility," it means that Windows
doesn't support some hardware or software being used in
that subsystem. Hardware can possibly be reconfigured by
getting updated 32-bit drivers from the vendors (check
their Web site, their BBS, or call them directly).
Software problems are often caused by older versions of
disk compression products like Stacker or
large-disk software like Disk Manager.

Some people find it worthwhile to speed up their Start
menu: To speed up the Start Menu: Start REGEDIT
(Start/Run, type REGEDIT and hit return). Now search for
the word desktop. (Edit/Find...). This should be in
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ CLSID \ {00021400.... Right-click on
the right panel. Pick NEW \ String Value. Name it
MenuShowDelay, all one word. Select a value from 1-10, 1
being the fastest. It's your choice; I'd try something
around 5 and experiment from there. Now exit REGEDIT and
restart Windows. If you just plain hate the Start menu,
check out the Route 1 Pro utility at
www.creativelement.com/software/route1.html. Route 1
is an $18 shareware program that replaces the Start menu
with a button bar interface. I can't vouch for this
program personally, so if it scrubs Windows, don't blame
me. (Note to the above Registry hack: Windows XP and 2K
users already have a similar Registry key installed
under HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ ControlPanel \Desktop \
MenuShowDelay , with a default setting of 400. Feel free
to lower the value.)
Like to download compressed digital video clips like
.AVI files? Figure on about 30mb of disk space per
minute of playing time.
Use some neat Alt+ keyboard shortcuts to your machine.
Holding down the Alt key while double-clicking My
Computer opens the System Properties dialog box, and
doing the same with My Network Places or Network
Neighborhood opens your Network Connections box.
Alt+double-clicking the Recycle Bin opens the Recycle
Bin Properties dialog box. Alt+single-clicking an icon
in your Quick Launch toolbar gives you the Properties
dialog box for that program; same goes for Desktop,
Links, and custom toolbar icons. Some versions of
Windows will let you Alt+double-click the speaker icon
in the System Tray to access the Volume Control; doing
the same to the clock gives you access to the Date/Time
Properties. Alt+double-clicking most drive, folder, and
file icons gives you their Properties dialog boxes as
well.
<>Crank Up Program Performance

Having trouble uninstalling a program? That's all of us
at some point or another. Some programs don't uninstall
cleanly no matter what you do; they're just badly
designed. One of the most frequent, and annoying,
uninstall interruptions comes when your machine can't
find the "install log." Here's how to get rid of a
program that lacks a healthy INSTALL.LOG file. Start by
finding the program path and file name. Right-click on
the program's shortcut and select Properties. Take note
of the Target field, which has the complete path. Now
disable the program's ability to load automatically by
selecting Start, Run, and typing MSCONFIG in the Run
field. Press Enter. (Those of us with Windows 95 or 2000
will need to download Startup Control Panel from
www.mlin.com/ to obtain this capability.) Go to
the Startup tab and deselect anything having to do with
the program and its program path, and click OK. Break
the file associations by going into Windows Explorer,
selecting View, Folder Options (or Tools, Folder Options
if you're in Win98/XP) and select the File Types tab.
Look for file types associated with your program. After
finding an association, either change its association to
another program or delete it. Now, the final, and
hardest, step: cleaning the Registry. In Start, Run,
type REGEDIT and press Enter. Be very careful from here
on out: the Registry is an unforgiving place! On the
left side of the editor, look for HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \
APPLICATIONS, click the + next to this key, right-click
the subkey matching the program's file name, select
Delete, then Yes. Now, go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \
SOFTWARE and look for a subkey matching the vendor name
or anything related to your bugger program. Click the +
by the vendor name to view the subkeys. (If there are
subkeys for other programs you're not deleting, then
delete only the subkey for the program itself.) If there
are no other programs you're keeping, then delete the
vendor key. Repeat these steps for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \
SOFTWARE key. Select My Computer at the top of Registry
Editor's left pane, press Ctrl + F, and enter C:\PROGRAM
FILES\ANNOY (or whatever your offending file's path is).
Check all the options under Look At, click on Next or
Find Next. If there's a match, delete the key, and press
F3 to continue searching until you have found all
matches. Close Registry Editor, delete the program's
folder and shortcuts. You're done!
Win XP users may be familiar with the message that tells
you a new program is installed. Sometimes you have so
many programs installed that you can't even see the new
program. One way to handle this little irritant is to
use a single-column scrolling menu. Right-click on the
taskbar, click on Properties, and choose the Start menu
tab. You'll see two buttons titled Customize; click on
the one that's not disabled. If you see an Advanced tab
in the resulting dialog, click on it. In the scrolling
list of options, check the box titled Scroll Programs.
Now your Programs menu will display as a single column,
with arrows at the top and bottom to scroll through the
options. If your Programs menu is so big that it extends
off-screen in multicolumn mode, however, you may find
that it takes too long to scroll up and down in
single-column mode. Either way, you can benefit by
organizing the Programs menu. Right-click on the Start
button and choose Explore; this will display the Start
Menu folder in Windows Explorer. Open the Programs
folder (which directly corresponds to the Programs
menu). Within this folder, each subfolder represents a
submenu, and each shortcut represents a menu item. Find
a group of folders or shortcuts that all fit the same
category. Right-click on the right-hand pane, choose New
| Folder from the menu, and name the folder for that
category. Now drag all of the matching folders and
shortcuts into the new folder. Right-click on the Start
button again, but this time choose Explore All Users
from the menu. Open the Programs folder again and check
for folders or shortcuts that should go into the submenu
you just created. If you find any, create another
subfolder with precisely the same name and drag those
folders and shortcuts into it. This is necessary because
Windows XP builds the visible Start menu from both your
personal items and the All Users items. By moving
related items into a submenu, you've reduced the size of
the main Programs menu. Repeat the process for more
groups of related items until you've brought the
Programs menu down to a reasonable size. Note, however,
that moving program file shortcuts can have an annoying
side effect: When you uninstall a program, it won't
remove file shortcuts that aren't in the usual
locations. Keep this in mind when you uninstall a
program, and double-check to make sure dead shortcuts
are deleted.
You can change what application launches a particular
type of file easily enough, but you might want to have
more than one program associated with a particular type
of file. For instance, you usually open HTML files in a
Web browser, but on occasion you'll want to open them in
an HTML editor or text editor. In Windows ME, 2K, and
XP, you can make this change on the fly. Right-click the
document icon and choose "Open With" or "Open With,"
"Choose Program." Select your application from the list.
If it isn't there, click Browse or Other, navigate to
and select the desired application, and click Open.
Don't click "Always use this program to open these
files" check box. The application you use will appear on
the Open With submenu the next time you click a file of
that type. NT and 9x users can download OpenExpert
1.40 from www.baxbex.com/products.html; this
utility allows 9x/NT users to do the same. (The program
is $20 for corporate users but free for us slobs.)
Tired of fighting with Notepad's limitations (no
search-and-replace, incapable of dealing with text files
over 54k), you can download any number of replacements
such as NoteMaid or Notepad+, or you can
use the remarkably full-featured MS-DOS Editor that you
already own. It's called EDIT.COM and can be launched
from the DOS prompt or from Start/Run. It's not perfect;
it doesn't have word wrap and it doesn't make page
numbers, but it works nicely for small, easily managed
text files, particularly .INI and .BAT files.
Notepad can do a couple of tricks, however. Insert the
current date/time into any document by locating the
cursor and pressing F5. To force Notepad to display the
current date and time in a document every time it's
opened, open the file, type .LOG on the first line, then
save and close it. Every time it's reopened, it will
display the current date and time.
WordPad is a nifty upgrade to MSWrite with one major
flaw: it can't delete files written under it. Delete
files for WordPad in Windows Explorer or My Computer.
Win 95 users, forget about using MS Exchange. Microsoft
long ago abandoned this bug-ridden clunker in favor of
Outlook Express in MSIE 4.0, but just because you don't
want MSIE doesn't mean you're stuck with Exchange (or
its slightly better-looking sister Windows Messaging,
now equally outdated). You can use Internet Mail and
News provided with MSIE 3.02 and above. It's faster,
compatible with more Internet servers, and easy to set
up and use, but still out of date. The only reason to
keep using Exchange/Windows Messaging is if you use a
third-party fax or mail add-on that requires it.
(Outlook Express users, you need the patch recently made
available by Microsoft; read up on it at
www.microsoft.com/security/bulletins/ms98-008.htm.)
Does anyone still use MS Exchange? Hmmm. Lots of good,
cheap (or free) e-mail clients are available out there
that smoke the old fogeys, including the mail clients
included with Netscape and Opera, among others.
Some programs automatically launch at start-up because
they slip a shortcut into your StartUp folder. If you
don't want them to do this, right-click on your Start
button, select Open, double-click the Programs folder,
then the StartUp folder. Delete shortcuts you don't want
(right-click the shortcut and select Delete.) You're not
deleting the program, just the shortcut.
Sometimes you need to know the file path or the file
extensions of a program. Windows likes to hide them from
you (newer versions of Windows even gives you smarmy
warnings telling you how you'd be better off not seeing
the hidden files), but you can make it tell. In Windows
ME and XP, you go into Explorer and click either the
"Show the contents of this folder" or "View the entire
contents of this folder." XP may try to make things
difficult for you; choose Tools, Folder Options and make
sure the "Show common tasks in folders" box is selected
in the General tab. You can turn all the warnings off in
XP by going into Tools, Folder Options and clicking the
View tab; once there, go under Advanced Settings and
check the box marked "Display the contents of system
folders." In earlier versions of Windows, go into either
Explorer or My Computer, choose View, Options, and click
on the View tab. Click the "Show All Files" or "Show
hidden files and folders" button under Advanced Settings
(you may need to double-click the "Hidden files" or
"Hidden files and folders" icon. Uncheck the box that
hides MS-DOS extensions. To lock this choice down, find
a file in the Windows folder called DESKTOP.INI, select
it, press F2 to rename it, and rename it OLD
DESKTOP.INI. If you like, click View, Options, and
select the single-window choice on the Folders tab.
Myself, I leave these files bared all the time, but if
you have little computer hooligans around who like to
play in your file structure, change it back when you're
not around to limit the potential for destruction. (You
can also see both long and short DOS names of any file
or program by right-clicking its icon and selecting
Properties.)
Speaking of file paths, who enjoys squinting at the
screen trying to type a file path? Not me. Here's an
easier way to get Windows to do the typing for you: find
the icon for the file whose path you want to know, then
select Start, Run (or press Win+R). Press the backspace
or delete key to get rid of whatever's in the dialog
box, and drag the file icon to the text box. The entire
path appears in the text box. Right-click the path,
choose Select All, right-click again, choose Copy, and
you can paste a properly typed path name wherever you
want it.
Quick View is one of the most useful, and least used,
utilities provided with Win 95. With it, you can scope
out a file without launching it -- a nifty capability in
these days of viruses everywhere you look. You can beef
up Quick View's abilities with a variety of file viewing
tools such as Quick View Plus (marketed by Inso,
the same outfit that provided the original Quick View to
Microsoft), Drag & View (shareware available from
www.canyonsw.com), KeyView Pro, etc.
(Office 97 users know that they can't use Quick View
from an Office 97 app; they can update to Office 2000,
they can use Quick View Plus, or they can download free
Word and Excel viewers from
www.microsoft.com/office/viewers to view Office 97
files.) Unfortunately, only Win 95 users have Quick View
bundled into their system; everyone else will need to,
and ought to, consider purchasing Jascit from
www.jasc.com/.

You can make Quick View an easier tool to use by
creating a shortcut to it. Just right-click on an empty
area of the desktop and choose New/Shortcut. Browse to
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\VIEWERS\QUIKVIEW.EXE (or just type
this line into the command line) and click OK. Now with
your brand new shortcut, all you have to do is drag&drop
a file's icon onto the shortcut to have it open under
Quick View.
There are some commercial programs out there that can
save your hind end in case of major disaster. The best,
and correspondingly most expensive, is Ontrack's Easy
Recovery, a $195 goodie that can resurrect all but
the most irretrievable data. PowerQuest's Lost and
Found works similar magic to Easy Recovery,
and only costs $69, but it can only be used once, then
it lobotomizes itself. Annoying. Norton and McAfee both
market utility programs, discussed above, that go a ways
towards recovering lost data, but neither do as good a
job as the more expensive programs. Now, if you
absolutely must have the lost data, and none of these
programs will get it back, there are retrieval services
in the Yellow Pages (or at least listed online, such as
the boys at www.drivesavers.com/) that will send
technical wizards to your house or office to perform
their magic -- but it ain't cheap. Start thinking in
terms of thousands of dollars, and start thinking of
ways to prevent these problems.
MS Office users may find their PC's slowing down every
couple of hours while their hard drive chugs madly away.
This is Office's Find Files utility building indexes for
all of its apps, including Word and Excel. It updates
its indexes every 2 hours by default. Those with slow
PC's may find themselves annoyed enough to do something
about this: they can either disable Fast Find altogether
(from the Fast Files icon in Control Panel, delete the
existing indexes by double-clicking the icon, then
selecting Index/Delete Index; then from the "In and
below" drop-down list, select an index and choose OK;
repeat till done. Then exit, go to Windows Explorer, go
through Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp to find the
Find Fast Indexer, and delete it); kill Fast Find
forever by running Office's setup and have it remove the
utility (check WINDOWS\SYSTEM to see if the file
FINDFAST.CPL is there, and if so, delete it); update the
indexes manually (double-click the Find Fast icon in
Control Panel, choose Index/Create Index to make a new
index for a hard disk or folder, type the path in the
"In and below" box, select the file types you want
indexed from the "Of type" drop-down box, make sure that
"Continue to update automatically" is not checked, and
click OK; you'll need to do this periodically to ensure
that the indexes are up-to-date) or, in Office97 only,
change the update interval (double-click the Find Fast
icon, choose Index/Update Interval, and type an interval
in hours: typing 168 tells it to update once a week;
click OK).
Office users, wouldn't you love to get rid of Doofus the
Office Assistant? Restore sanity to your Office Help
functions by locating the OFFICE\ACTORS folder (check
first in C:\PROGRAM FILES\MICROSOFT
OFFICE\OFFICE\ACTORS, or hunt down related .ACT files
with the Find function). Create a new subfolder called
ACTFILES. Move all files with the .ACT extension into
ActFiles. This neutralizes the Office Assistant and
forces Help to work without all the foofaraw. Putting
the .ACT folders back where they were reopens the stage
act. If you love the Office Assistant and want more
Assistance, surf over to
www.officeupdate.microsoft.com/index.html#updates
for new and different Assistants.
Doofus the Office Assistant has sent some of his
annoying relatives to traipse around Windows XP in the
Search Companion feature. The four little
creatures may liven up your searching, but they don't
really do anything. Turn off the critters by choosing
the Change Preferences option. When that menu appears,
choose "Without an Animated Screen Character" to either
purge the thing or choose another character from the
same page.
Speaking of menus for applications, a lot of apps,
particularly the big beasties from Microsoft such as
Office, "personalize" your menus by hiding the entries
that get used less frequently. If, like me, you get
tired of your menus hiding their entries from you, go
into these programs' Tools menu, click Customize, and
check "Always show full menus." Click Close, and nothing
will hide from you again.
You can use some utilities such as Norton's Speed Disk
to place frequently used files near the beginning of the
hard disk, so that Windows finds them quickly.
Win 98/ME users have a nifty little image viewing
program called Imaging that Microsoft bought through
Wang, and now drives some Kodak software. Go through
Accessories to find it; if it isn't there, add it
through Add/Remove in the Control Panel under
Accessories.
Wang has also provided Microsoft Fax with imaging
software, Wang Imaging for Windows, to enhance fax
viewing and editing capability, along with a program to
work with a scanner. Check it out at
www.microsoft.com/windows95/info/wang.htm.
Some programs will insert out-of-date information in
your AUTOEXEC.BAT file which will slow your system down.
If you have a line including SHARE.EXE or SMARTDRV.EXE,
these refer to older programs not used by Windows; both
the lines and the programs themselves should be deleted.

Automate some Windows functions with old-fashioned DOS
batch files just like Grandma used to make. While this
isn't going to be a batch file creation tutorial, I can
tell you a few useful tidbits. Notepad is an excellent
batch file creation tool; just select the type All Files
(*.*) and give your file name the extension .BAT. Edit a
batch file by right-clicking the file in Explorer and
selecting Edit; this opens it up in Notepad. Batch files
expect Windows to support multitasking, so if you want
to make sure that one program has exited before the
batch file starts another one, add the command START /W
(for "wait.") Add the command CLS as the last line of
your batch file to close its window when the program has
finished. The S should not even have a return after it.
Careful, this doesn't work in some (i.e. newer) versions
of Windows, particularly XP.
Some apps, particularly older programs, won't behave
under Win 95. To rein them in, select Start/Run, type
MKCOMPAT in the box, select File/Choose Program, select
the program that won't behave, and click on the
behaviors you'd like to induce, such as "Win 3.1 style
controls."
<>Clean Up Your Hard Drive
Win 95 and (some) 98 users, clean out some space
hoggers. You've got some hand-holding videos for novices
in C:\WINDOWS\HELP, but they gobble megabytes. If you
don't need 'em, go to that folder and delete all the
.AVI files. If you installed Win 95 over Win 3.x, and
don't intend to use the old Windows anymore, go through
Add/Remove Programs, highlight the Old Windows/MS-DOS
line and click Remove. Also, if you installed Win 95
over Win 3.x, two monster space-hogging files can be
deleted, W95UNDO.DAT and W95UNDO.INI. Can't find them?
Show your hidden files by going into Explorer and
choosing Tools, Options, View, Show All Files.
Win 98 and ME users have a meg of space wasted with
"Online Services," a folder hidden in Program Files that
contains more-or-less useless material about services
available on the Net (my version has files for AOL,
AT&T, Earthlink, and Prodigy). Delete it by going
through the Add/Remove applet if necessary (look under
Windows Setup), then drag the shortcut from your Desktop
to the Recycle Bin.
Windows 98 and ME users can go through Disk Cleanup
(accessed through Start/Programs/Accessories/System
Tools/Disk Cleanup) to reclaim some space. Choose it and
select the C: drive if it isn't already selected. Now
check the following sources: Temporary Internet Files,
Downloaded Program Files, Recycle Bin and Temporary
Files. Click OK. This should clean up a bit of trash.
If you've updated from an older version of Windows to
either 2K or XP, you have a bunch of unwanted gunk to
get rid of as well. Most can be deleted through Control
Panel: in XP, go through your Add/Remove Programs applet
and click the Add/Remove Windows Components icon to open
the Windows Components Wizard. (The process is similar
in 2K, but you'll need to log on as the Administrator.)
Check or uncheck items to install or remove them.
Sometimes you can fine-tune your choices by selecting an
item, such as "Accessories and Utilities," and clicking
Details. Sometimes there are Details in each component;
click to find out. Click OK until you get to the Windows
Components Wizard, and choose Next to follow the rest of
the prompts and lock in your choices. Unfortunately,
some XP/2K components can't be handled so easily. If you
want to lose Windows Media Player, Hyperterminal, and
Pinball, go through Windows Explorer, choose Tools,
Folder Options, and click View. Go under Advanced
Settings and make sure the "Show hidden files and
folders" option is selected. Now navigate to the INF
subfolder of your C:\WINDOWS or C:\WINNT folder and look
inside the INF folder. If you find a file called
SYSOC.INF, save a backup copy to your Desktop and then
double-click it to open it in Notepad. You'll see
several lines under the "Components" heading that
include the word "hide." To make all possible components
visible, choose Edit, Replace, type "hide" (without the
quotes) in the Find What box, and leave the Replace With
box empty. Click Replace All and then the Cancel button
to close the window. Exit the file and choose Yes to
save it. Once the file is saved, return to Add/Remove
Programs and select Add/Remove Windows Components. This
list, and the nested lists within some items, should
have more entries than before. Now you can decide what
stays and what goes.
Windows XP users need to take care of their Prefetch
catalog. While "prefetch" is a new and very useful
technique in Windows XP, after using the system for a
while, the prefetch directory can get full of junk and
obsolete links in the Prefetch catalog, which can slow
down your computer notable. Open your system drive
(i.e. the C: drive), go to the Windows folder, find the
Prefetch foldier, delete those junk and obsolete files,
and then reboot. Do it once a month.

NT and XP users, if you've been looking for a way to
remove Windows Messenger (not MSN Messenger) or other
Windows components that don't show in the Add or Remove
Programs applet, here's how. Windows keeps a list of
components in a file called SYSOC.INF in C:\WINDOWS\INF.
Some of the entries under the [Components] heading,
among them the line for Messenger, include the word
HIDE. To make them visible to the Add or Remove Programs
applet so that you can remove them, you have to delete
the instruction to hide them. First, make sure that
Windows Explorer is set to display hidden files (in
Windows Explorer, choose Tools, Folder Options, then the
View tab, and set the option to "Show hidden files and
folders." Also remove the check from the check box
labeled "Hide protected operating system files
(Recommended).") After clicking OK, you can navigate to
the C:\WINDOWS\INF folder. Open SYSOC.INF in Notepad and
find the line
MSMSGS=MSGROCM.DLL,OCENTRY,MSMSGS.INF,HIDE,7. Delete the
word HIDE, being careful to leave the commas. Save and
close the file. Next, go to the Control Panel, choose
Add or Remove Programs, and when the applet opens,
choose Add/Remove Windows Components. Windows Messenger
should now appear in the list. You can make other hidden
components appear in the applet by following the same
steps.
Windows Messenger is normally used by system
administrators to warn network users of shutdowns and
problems, and the like. But now a program called
DirectAdvertiser is allowing spammers to use this
utility to send pop-up ads over the Internet directly to
your computer, bypassing your browser and anti-spam
utilities. Aarrgh! If this is happening to you, turn off
Windows Messenger through Control Panel. Read up on it
at
www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/internet/10/21/pop.upspam.ap/index.html.
Desktop Tweaks
Ever notice that Windows forcibly rearranges your
Desktop icons the way it wants, no matter how you've
arranged them? A little $15 goodie will make your icons
stay where they're told. Download EZDesk 1.8 from
users.aol.com/EzDesk95/ A more hands-on solution
involves your editing the Registry: First, set up
everything the way you want it. Then select Run from the
Start menu, type in REGEDIT and press Enter. In the
Registry Editor, find HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \
Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \
Explorer. Right-click in the right pane and select
New/DWORD. Rename the value NoSaveSettings and press the
Enter key. Right-click on the new NoSaveSettings item
and select Modify. Enter the number 1 in the Value data
box. Click on OK and Exit. Now, whenever you restart
Windows, your settings will return to their current
state. It's a bit easier to make your desktop icons line
up on the right instead of the left: right-click the
desktop, turn off Auto Arrange, then highlight all the
icons you want to move to the right side and
drag-and-drop them to their new location. When you're
done, right-click the desktop again and select Line Up
Icons.
An obscure little tweak will allow you to adjust the
spacing between the icons on your Desktop or in folder
or Explorer windows. Right-click the Desktop and choose
Properties, Appearance. Note the starting number. Click
on the down arrow under Item and select Icon Spacing
(Vertical). Adjusting the size down moves the icons
closer together, while upwards increases their spacing.
Click on Apply to check your adjustments, then take a
look at the results. Repeat the process for Icon Spacing
(Horizontal). Since horizontal and vertical adjustments
affect each other, be prepared to play with it for a
while. (Screen resolution also has a significant impact
on icon spacing.)

Windows XP gives a new look to your old programs, with a
Win XP–style frame and rounded title bar containing
rounded buttons. The part inside the frame doesn't
change, however, and may even look a bit odd. There's an
easy way to force a particular program to use the Win
XP–style common controls (buttons, check boxes, and so
on): add a manifest file to the program's folder. A
manifest file is an XML file of a particular format that
details the resources a program should use. The XML code
below tells Windows XP that the program the code
references can handle the Win XP–specific common
controls. Simply save the code in the same folder as the
program, giving the file the same name as the executable
but with .MANIFEST appended -— FUBAR.EXE.MANIFEST, for
example. Write the code in Notepad and give it a whirl.
<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
manifest Version="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity
version="1.0.0.0"
processorArchitecture="x86"
name="Name"
type="win32" />
<description>Description </description>
<dependency>
<dependentAssembly>
<assemblyIdentity type="win32"
name="Microsoft.Windows .Common-Controls"
version="6.0.0.0"
publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
language="*"
processorArchitecture="x86"/>
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
</assembly>
The next
time you launch the program, it will use Win XP–style
common controls. Be warned: Some programs aren't
compatible with the new controls, which is why Win XP
doesn't apply them automatically. If there's any
problem, delete the manifest file.
<>Keyboard and Mouse Enhancements
Got a neat keyboard with a Windows key on it? Use these
shortcuts (WK here stands for Windows Key; some of these
shortcuts work in Internet Explorer and Outlook also):
- WK by itself
displays the Start menu (a favorite of cats who walk
over your keyboard)
- WK+BREAK (or
WK+PAUSE) displays system properties
- WK+TAB cycles
through the taskbar buttons
- WK+F1 opens Help
(move through the list of topics and articles by
using Tab, or Shift+Tab to go backwards; click a
hyperlink by moving to the item and hitting Enter)
- WK+C opens the
Correction dialog
- WK+D minimizes or
restores all windows
- WK+E starts
Windows Explorer, focused on My Computer (in XP, it
opens My Computer directly)
- WK+F opens Find:
All Files
- WK+H turns
Handwriting Recognition on or off
- WK+L locks your
computer and hides the screen (XP only)
- WK+M minimizes
all open windows
- WK+Q switches you
through the various users of the computer (Powertoys
only); hold down the Windows key and continue to tap
the Q key to scroll
- WK+SHIFT+M undoes
the open window minimize
- WK+R displays the
Run dialog box
- WK+T switches the
Language bar between Voice Command and Dictation
mode
- WK+V turns the
microphone on or off
- CTRL+WK+F starts
Find Files (or Search Files)
More keyboard
shortcuts: Cycle through multiple open programs by
holding down the Alt key and pressing Tab (this is a
very useful version of Task Switcher). To change your
mind without switching to another app, press Esc and let
go of both keys. Alt+Esc automatically chooses the next
listed app on Task Switcher's list. Maximize any window
by double-clicking the title bar. Doing it to an
already-maximized window restores it to its previous
state. Access menu items by pressing Alt, then the
underlined letter of the item you want to open. Items
without underlined letters usually use their first
letters. If more than one menu item has the same letter
underlined, press the first letter repeatedly until the
item you want is highlighted. In dialog boxes, pressing
Alt and an underlined letter either moves you to that
option or executes a command button. Ctrl+Esc opens the
Start menu. Most every dialog box lets you cycle through
the options by pressing Tab or Ctrl+Tab. Shift+Tab, or
Ctrl+Shift+Tab, reverses the direction of cycling.
Activate dialog boxes' drop-down menus by using Tab to
highlight the appropriate choice and then hitting F4.
With option buttons, the arrow keys take you from one to
the next. Lots of text and e-mail programs use the same
shortcuts: Ctrl+left arrow moves you one word to the
left; Ctrl+right arrow one word to the right; Ctrl+Home
takes you to the top of the document; Ctrl+End takes you
to the bottom; PageUp moves you up one screen; PageDown
moves you one screen down. Almost all Windows apps use
Shift as a selector key: Press Shift and an arrow key to
select (highlight) characters one at a time.
Ctrl+Shift+arrow does it one word at a time. To select a
chunk, click a spot in a text, then move to another
spot, hold Shift down, and click again; the program will
select everything between the two spots. Open an item's
Context menu by selecting the item and pressing
Shift+F10. To minimize an open window, press
Alt+Spacebar+N; maximize it with Alt+Spacebar+X. Close
an active window with Alt+Spacebar+C; restore a closed
active window with Alt+Spacebar+R. Close a document
window with Ctrl+F4 and close an application with
Alt+F4. In Explorer, use F3 to start a Find, with the
Look In feature pointing to whichever folder or device
that's selected. Expand all the subfolders of a selected
drive in Explorer by pressing the asterisk key in the
numeric keypad; there is no way to close them all again.
Refresh the desktop by pressing F5. Got a lot of
subfolders open (windows within windows within windows)?
Close 'em all by holding down the Shift key as you click
the X box in the right top, or with the last window
activated, press Alt+Shift+F4. Access the Close Program
menu, along with the task list, by the familiar
Ctrl+Alt+Del. And that strange "menu" key on many
Microsoft keyboards between the right Windows key and
the Ctrl key performs the same function as
right-clicking the mouse; the Shift+F10 combination also
acts as a right-click.
Win XP has done away with the underlined letters in its
menus. They are actually there, if you know how to
reactivate them. To do so, right-click the Desktop,
choose Properties, and click the Appearance tab. Click
the Effects button and remove the check mark from the
line, "Hide Underlined Letters for Keyboard Navigation
Until I Press The Alt Key." The underlines all appear,
ready for shortcuts.
Have a keyboard that lacks a Windows key? You can create
one using Microsoft's Kernel Toys for Win 95, available
from www.microsoft.com/windows95/info/kerneltoys.htm.
Download and install the Win 95 Keyboard Remap program
by opening KEYREMAP.EXE, right-clicking KEYREMAP.INF,
and selecting Install. Now, go through Control
Panel/Keyboard Properties and select Remap. Under
Right-Hand Side, choose a key you'd like to designate as
the Windows key (right-ALT is often a good choice) in
the left-hand box. In the right-hand box (still under
Right Side), choose Windows. Click OK and you now have a
Windows key. This works under all the 9x/ME flavors.
Hmmm, there's a strange key between the right-hand
Windows key and the Ctrl key; the picture on it looks
like a menu with an arrow. It's called the Application
key, and pressing it displays the shortcut menu for
whatever item is currently selected. It doesn't work
with all apps; you'll need to play with it to find out
when it is useful.
Keyboard macros are another neat way to speed up your
keyboard inputting (otherwise called typing, heh heh).
You can use three utilities, all mentioned above in the
shareware section of this site, to make some easy-to-use
macros and really crank your input speed. What exactly
is a macro? It's a keyboard shortcut that tells the
computer to type in a pre-selected string of keystrokes,
mouse clicks, and so forth. For example, if I have a
macro assigned to the keyboard combo Ctrl+F9, I hold
down the Control key, press F9, and presto! My name,
address, and phone number, along with the proper
paragraph breaks, zooms onto my screen. This one is good
for people who type a lot of letters and don't use
letterheads. Of course, you can have anything programmed
into your macros: e-mail info, HTML code, long-winded
boilerplate phrases ("Thank you for your interest in
this position. Unfortunately, your job skills do not
meet the needs....") or whatever you need. There's a
blue million macro creation programs out there, but one
of the easiest to use is TypeItIn, a freebie that
allows you to create up to 50 macros and use them with
absurd ease. WinKeys, another freebie that's easy
to use, uses your Windows key to make macros. For the
more sophisticated macro user, QuicKeys is an
excellent, highly recommended utility. A caveat:
elaborate macros full of keyboard and mouse inputs
sometimes screw up. Macros work best when they are
simple. And for the non-macro type, there are some
shortcuts you might like to know about. MSIE 5's
AutoComplete feature keeps a history of every Web and
e-mail address typed into it; just place your cursor in
the address field and left-click, and then pick and
choose from the drop-down list. You can even delete
entries that you don't want others to see, or just trim
the list when it gets too big, just by placing the
cursor over an unwanted entry and pressing Delete. Get a
listing of available free- and shareware macro programs
from my
Macro Utilities page.
You can use macro-like keyboard shortcuts to open
applications, documents, files, Control Panel applets,
or Web addresses. You can assign a key sequence to a
Windows shortcut only, not to any other kind of file.
(This is all kinda tricky, so pay attention.)
- Create a shortcut
to the item you want to open by opening Explorer,
finding the program's icon or file within the file
tree (you might have to hunt), and using the right
mouse button to drag&drop its icon somewhere handy,
either on the desktop or in a folder within the
Start Menu folder (found within your Windows
folder). Choose "Create Shortcut Here" from the menu
that appears.
- Right-click the
shortcut and choose "Properties" (or select the
shortcut and press Alt+Enter). Make sure the
Shortcut tab is in front. Click the "Shortcut key"
box and press whatever shortcut key combination you
want to give your new shortcut. You usually have to
use a combination of Ctrl+Alt, Ctrl+Shift,
Alt+Shift, or Ctrl+Alt+Shift, to begin your shortcut
(and you can't use the Windows key, more's the
pity). Once you see your shortcut displayed in the
box, click OK.
- Example: you want
to assign a shortcut to your Calculator. You decide
on Ctrl+Alt+C. You know, or you figure out, that the
Calculator program is listed as CALC.EXE in the
Windows folder. Open Explorer, go into the Windows
folder, and find CALC.EXE's icon. Shrink Explorer so
that a chunk of empty desktop shows, right-click
CALC's icon, and drag it into this empty space.
Choose "Create Shortcut Here" from the menu that
appears.
- Good news for the
impatient: using the Function keys (F1 through F12)
means you don't have to use the Ctrl, Alt, or Shift
keys as part of your shortcut. You can also use keys
from your numeric keypad as one-key shortcuts, but
you shouldn't do this if you use your numeric keypad
to enter data. Numeric keys appear in the box as
"Num 1," "Num 2," etc. These only work when NumLock
is pressed.
- If you have more
than a very few of these shortcuts, don't be
surprised when you start to lose track of them. Keep
all of these handy shortcuts in a single folder. An
easy way to do this is to right-click the "Start"
button, choose "Explore," select the "Programs" icon
in the tree pane on the left to open the Programs
folder, and right-click in an empty area in the
right pane. Choose "New/Folder." Name it "Keyboard
Shortcuts" (without the quotation marks) and press
Enter. Keep all of your hand-made shortcuts here for
easy access and reference. To make things even
easier on your strained brain, make the key sequence
part of the shortcut name. For example, using our
Calculator example, select the shortcut, press F2 to
rename it, and name it "Calculator Ctrl+Alt+C"
(without the quotes, of course).
- To get rid of a
shortcut key sequence from a shortcut, open its
Properties sheet to the Shortcut tab as before,
click the "Shortcut key" box, and press Delete. Then
click OK.
Does this come across
as a pain? Yup, but when you're done, your frequently
used apps will be so much easier to launch, the pain may
well be worth it.
What exactly does the Scroll Lock key do? Besides
setting off an internal warning that tells the PC,
"Scroll Lock is on," not much. A few apps, such as some
spreadsheets, put the key to use, usually by changing
the effect of the arrow keys. For most other programs,
nada.
Some Explorer shortcuts: the left arrow collapses the
current selection if expanded, and selects the parent
folder. The right arrow expands the current selection
and selects the first subfolder. Pressing NUM LOCK+MINUS
(the - key on the numeric keypad) collapses only the
selected folder. The NUM LOCK+* (on the numeric keypad)
expands all folders under the current selection, while
NUM LOCK +PLUS (again on the numeric keypad) expands
only the selected folder. Pressing F6 switches among
left and right panes and menu bars.
Mouse-haters, check out the keyboard options in
Accessibility Options under Control Panel. Under the
Mouse tab, check the Use MouseKeys tab and click OK.
Now, when NumLock is on, the numeric pad performs many
mouse functions. Left-click by pressing 5; double-click
by pressing +; right-click by pressing - and 5 together.
Ins and Del can be used to hold and release the mouse
for dragging. Other goodies are the FilterKeys (makes
Windows ignore brief or repeated keystrokes, or slows
the repeat rate), StickyKeys (allows you to use Shift,
Ctrl, or Alt keys without holding them down), and
ToggleKeys (enabling tones to be played when you press
Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock). The High Contrast
setting has Windows use colors and fonts that facilitate
easy viewing. Switch the following on or off: FilterKeys
by holding down Right Shift 8 times; High Contrast by
holding down Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen; MouseKeys
by holding down Left Alt+Left Shift+Num Lock; StickyKeys
by hitting Shift 5 times in a row; and Toggle Keys by
hitting Num Lock 5 times in a row. Read the general help
file under Accessibility and then select Shortcut keys
for accessibility features. If you're that dead set
against using a mouse, consider buying and installing a
trackball.
If you like the ALT shortcuts (the underlined letters in
the menus), you may be taken aback to find that they're
not available in XP. Yes, they are, but you have to
enable them. Right-click the Desktop, choose Properties,
and click the Appearance tab. Click the Effects button
and remove the check mark from the line, "Hide
Underlined Letters for Keyboard Navigation Until I Press
The Alt Key." The underlines all appear, ready for
shortcuts.
To have a tone warn you when you hit CapsLock or
NumLock, and possibly prevent you entering erroneous
input, go through Control Panel, Accessibility, select
Use Toggle Keys, and click OK.
If you have trouble keeping up with that itty-bitty
cursor arrow (I have this problem on laptops), turn on
Pointer Trails to make the arrow leave spacey "trails"
behind it for easy location of the cursor. Go into the
Mouse applet in Control Panel and click the Motion tab.
Select "Show Pointer Trail," and decide whether you want
a Short trail, a Long one, or somewhere in the middle.
(Experiment all you like.) Click OK and see how you like
it. Not only will this fascinate your acid-casualty
hippie friends, but it makes that little cursor a lot
easier to find. You can also modify the arrow's size by
going into the Mouse applet, clicking on Pointers,
clicking on the drop-down Scheme menu, and choosing from
3D, Animated Hourglass, Large, and Extra Large.
Left-handed users can reverse the mouse buttons through
the Mouse icon in Control Panel. You can also turn on
the "trails" option for the cursor, which some users,
particularly laptop users, prefer.
Speaking of lefties, you can get keyboards designed for
left-handed users from Dalco Electronics. Left-handed
mousses are relatively common, with Logitech and
Kensington, among others, offering several models.
You can even configure your PC to use two mice, or a
mouse and a trackball, or two trackballs, if you like. A
Y-mouse adapter is available from www.ymouse.com/,
among other places, that supports mice, trackballs, and
even touch pads. The most common way to do it is to
place one device on either side of the computer and
switch off from one to the other, and some gamers really
like the dual inputs. It's also a good idea from an
ergonomic standpoint.

If you're brave, you can reconfigure your mouse button
assignments by going through the Registry key
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ControlPanel \ MicrosoftInputDevices
\ Mouse . The settings are all stored as DWORD values.
You can access the values and change them...if you know
what you're doing. Be careful, and bone up on what hex
numbers change what behavior, before trying anything
here.
Make Your CD Drive Behave
Ever wonder why the hard disk or CD drive is active even
when nothing is going on? (Technowonks call this
"thrashing.") You can reduce this, and make your
computer run more efficiently, by doing this: Defrag
your hard drive. Then, go to Control
Panel/System/Performance, and click the Virtual Memory
button. Select the option "Let me specify my own virtual
memory settings." Select the disk partition where you
want your virtual memory, then type in the same value
for Minimum and Maximum. If you have a 16MB machine, set
the value at 40MB; for a 32MB system, set it at 80MB.
"Cool-boot" or restart your computer. (Warning: Setting
your computer like this puts an additional strain on
your system resources. Be careful, and be ready to reset
the computer back. Lucky sods with 64MB or more of
memory, you shouldn't have to worry about this.)
"Spindown" is a related annoyance that makes you wait
while the inactive CD drive has to spin itself back to
speed. Even users with lightning-fast CD drives get
plagued with this one. Toshiba CD owners can use the
add-in to Control Panel called CoolLittleTool,
available from ftp://dpd/CoolLittleTool.exe or
ftp://195.4.1.253/. Plextor CD owners can use the
Plextor Manager 96 utility thoughtfully provided with
their software. Owners of other CD drives may find
Spindown useful, accessible from
www.ncf.carleton.ca/~aa571/Software.htm.
Open and close your CD-ROM tray from the keyboard by
right-clicking the CD drive icon in My Computer or
Explorer and selecting Eject. Play an audio CD by
right-clicking the icon and selecting Play (you'll have
to insert the CD into the tray yourself).
Tired of inserting CD-ROMs into your system and having
them automatically start up via AutoPlay? For a one-time
fix, press the Shift key when you insert the disk.
Disable it permanently by going through Control
Panel/System/Device Manager. Locate your CD drive in the
list, bring up its Properties page, click on Settings,
uncheck the Auto Insert Notification box, and restart
the computer. (The TweakUI package also lets you turn
this on and off.) Now, to get AutoPlay back for a
particular disk, you can hold the Shift key down as you
insert the disk. Hold it down until the CD indicator
light goes out. (Autoplay can significantly slow down
the performance of your PC, as it checks the drive about
once per second to see if a CD is in the drive. You can
either disable Autoplay or keep a CD in the drive to
stop this time-wasting check.) There is a way to edit
the Registry to permanently disable AutoPlay, but I'm
not going to run through that one with you...if you're
enough of a code warrior to handle cracking the
Registry, you don't need my help to do it.
Want to make CDs with that nifty AutoPlay function? Use
Notepad to create a three-line text file based on the
lines below, and name it AUTORUN.INF. Place the file in
the CD's root directory.
[AUTORUN]
OPEN=SETUP.EXE
ICON=ICON.ICO
Replace SETUP.EXE with
the program that should launch when the CD is inserted,
and replace ICON.ICO with the file containing the CD's
icon. In both cases, be sure to omit the drive letter.
XP users may find themselves having difficulty deleting
files from CD-RW discs. This is a known bug in XP, so
don't think it's you. To work around this problem, you
need to copy all of the CD-RW to your computer, reformat
the CD-RW disc, and then burn all of the files back onto
the CD-RW disc MINUS the file you wanted to delete. The
built-in Windows XP CD burner software doesn't support a
CD-RW disc being used for random-access storage, but if
you have DirectCD or another "packet writing" program,
you can use it instead of the XP CD burner software to
handle your CD-RW chores and skip dealing with the balky
Windows software.
<>Reining in the Recycle Bin

What exactly is the Recycle Bin anyway? It's a real, but
hidden, folder (hunt it down in DOS by typing
C:CD\RECYCLED and typing DIR; the resulting directory
tree may have some variance in the names of the files
with what shows up in Windows, but the file sizes and
attributes are the same). When you toss a file in the
Recycle Bin, Windows moves that file to that drive's
Recycled folder and then renames it using a scheme that
reflects its original disk and deletion sequence -- only
the extension remains unchanged. Another hidden folder,
Info, stores the original name and path for each file.
When you restore a file from the Bin, Windows uses the
data stored in Info to make sure the file is returned to
its original slot. Make sure you don't delete either the
Recycled or the Info folder while you're in DOS.
Tired of deleting files to the Recycle Bin only to have
to delete them again? Right-click the offending item,
hold down Shift, and press Del. Watch it disappear. To
turn off "Delete Confirmation on the Recycle Bin,"
right-click the Recycle Bin, select Properties; on the
"Global" tab, check "Use one setting for all drives,"
and "Do not move files to the recycle bin. Remove files
immediately on delete." You will still need to empty the
Recycle Bin of any files waiting in it. Remember, you
won't have the warning before final deletion any more,
so be sure of what you're deleting.
The Recycle Bin can be hoggish with the amount of drive
space it reserves for itself. Right-click its icon,
choose Properties, and click the Global tab. Check "One
Setting for All Drives," and adjust the slider to 5% or
less of each disk.
On the other hand, if you need to be sure that you can
retrieve folders and files that you've sent to the
Recycle Bin, you should increase the amount of hard
drive space set aside for recycling. If the Recycle Bin
gets full and you keep sending it stuff, it will
automatically purge itself of the oldest files, sending
them to the Happy Hunting Grounds and making it
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